依赖注入 ( Dependency Injection )
这是一篇关于Symfony依赖注入(Dependency Injection)的笔记,原文地址:http://fabien.potencier.org/article/11/what-is-dependency-injection
假设需要实现下面的需求:编写一个User类,需要实现Session的相关操作 下面是一种简单的实现方式:
{{< highlight php >}} class SessionStorage { function __construct($cookieName = 'PHP_SESS_ID') { session_name($cookieName); session_start(); }
function set($key, $value)
{
$_SESSION[$key] = $value;
}
function get($key)
{
return $_SESSION[$key];
}
// ...
}
class User
{
protected $storage;
function __construct()
{
$this->storage = new SessionStorage();
}
function setLanguage($language)
{
$this->storage->set('language', $language);
}
function getLanguage()
{
return $this->storage->get('language');
}
// ...
}
{{< /highlight >}}
我们可以这样调用上面的代码:
{{< highlight php >}} $user = new User(); $user->setLanguage('fr'); $user_language = $user->getLanguage(); {{< /highlight >}}
但这里有一个问题:代码中将User的storage属性写死了,第三方调用User时无法对storage进行配置。因此,对User代码进行下面的修改:
{{< highlight php >}} class User { function __construct($storage) { $this->storage = $storage; }
// ...
}
{{< /highlight >}}
不在User类中创建SessionStorage对象,而是将storage对象作为参数传递给User的构造函数,这就是依赖注入。 "Dependency Injection is where components are given their dependencies through their constructors, methods, or directly into fields." 上面就是依赖注入的定义,根据其定义,依赖注入可以通过下面三种方式进行:
构造器注入 Constructor Injection:
{{< highlight php >}} class User { function __construct($storage) { $this->storage = $storage; }
// ...
}
{{< /highlight >}}
设值注入 Setter Injection:
{{< highlight php >}} class User { function setSessionStorage($storage) { $this->storage = $storage; }
// ...
}
{{< /highlight >}}
属性 Property Injection:
{{< highlight php >}} class User { public $sessionStorage; }
$user->sessionStorage = $storage;
{{< /highlight >}}
相关资料:
http://fabien.potencier.org/article/11/what-is-dependency-injection
http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/xingyukun/archive/2007/10/20/931331.html